Finger Tendon Injury: From First Strain to Full Function
Finger tendon injuries often occur suddenly during sports or work activities. For flexor tendon injuries, you may hear a popping sound and experience sudden pain, followed by inability to bend the finger. Extensor tendon injuries typically result in inability to straighten the finger. Swelling, tenderness along the finger, and pain when trying to move the affected finger are common symptoms for both types of injuries.
Initial home care for a suspected finger tendon injury includes resting the hand, applying ice to reduce swelling, and elevating the hand above heart level. Over-the-counter pain relievers can help manage pain. Avoid attempting to 'test' the injured finger repeatedly, as this may worsen the injury. A temporary splint can be used to immobilize the finger, but professional medical evaluation should be sought promptly.
You should see a doctor immediately if you suspect a finger tendon injury, especially if you're unable to bend or straighten your finger, or if you experience severe pain or noticeable deformity. Even if symptoms seem mild, early evaluation is crucial as delayed treatment can lead to complications and potentially permanent loss of function.
Conservative treatments are limited for complete tendon ruptures, which typically require surgical repair. For partial tears or tendon strains, treatment may include custom splinting to immobilize the finger in a position that reduces stress on the injured tendon. Pain management, anti-inflammatory medications, and gentle range of motion exercises (as directed by your doctor) may be part of the treatment plan.
The duration of conservative treatment varies depending on the severity of the injury. Mild tendon strains may heal within 4-6 weeks with proper care. However, more severe injuries or those requiring surgical intervention may need several months for full recovery. Your doctor will monitor progress and adjust the treatment plan as needed.
Surgery is typically indicated for complete tendon ruptures, as these injuries don't heal well without surgical intervention. Partial tears that don't respond to conservative treatment may also require surgery. Signs that surgery might be necessary include inability to bend (for flexor tendons) or straighten (for extensor tendons) the finger, or persistent pain and weakness despite conservative measures.
Surgical options for finger tendon injuries include tendon repair, where the surgeon stitches the torn ends of the tendon back together. In some cases, if the injury is old or the tendon has retracted, a tendon graft may be necessary. The specific surgical approach depends on the location and severity of the injury. Minimally invasive techniques may be used when possible to reduce scarring and recovery time.
The prognosis for finger tendon injuries is generally good when treated promptly and appropriately. Most patients regain significant function of their finger, although full recovery to pre-injury levels may not always be possible, especially in severe cases or those with delayed treatment. Consistent participation in post-operative therapy is crucial for optimal outcomes.
The complication rate for finger tendon surgery is relatively low, typically less than 10%. Potential complications include infection, tendon re-rupture, adhesions (scarring that limits tendon gliding), stiffness, and in rare cases, complex regional pain syndrome. These risks are generally outweighed by the benefits of surgery for appropriate candidates. Proper post-operative care and adherence to rehabilitation protocols can minimize these risks.
Recovery time varies depending on the severity of the injury and the type of treatment. For surgically repaired tendons, protected motion usually begins within the first few weeks after surgery. Full recovery, including regaining strength and range of motion, typically takes 3-4 months for extensor tendons and 4-6 months for flexor tendons. However, continued improvements may be seen for up to a year post-injury.
A successful outcome is typically defined as restoration of finger function, including the ability to fully bend and straighten the finger, adequate strength for daily activities, and minimal pain. Most patients (70-80%) achieve good to excellent results with appropriate treatment and dedicated participation in rehabilitation. Some may experience minor residual stiffness or slight weakness, particularly with demanding activities. Ongoing hand exercises and proper care can help maintain long-term function and prevent re-injury.